This paper provides a conceptual review of the role of community education and extension services in promoting agricultural development and sustainable food security through farmers’ cooperative societies in Niger State, Nigeria. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as the Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Social Capital Theory, the paper explores how community education enhances farmers’ knowledge and adoption of technological innovations, while farmers’ cooperatives facilitate access to resources and collective action. Despite the potential of these approaches, challenges such as inadequate funding, poor policy implementation, and insecurity hinder their effectiveness. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers, including increased funding for extension services, revitalization of farmers’ cooperatives, and promotion of demand-driven agricultural education. These measures are essential for achieving sustainable food security in Niger State, Nigeria.